Multiple ratio fluid dispenser

ABSTRACT

A double syringe delivery system is disclosed for holding a pair of syringes in a manner so as to accommodate the simultaneous activation of the plunger of each syringe in order to effect simultaneous delivery of the contents of each syringe. The delivery system includes a delivery mechanism for delivering the contents of both syringes to a site of application. The delivery system further includes a support member that is positioned between the two syringe bodies. The elongated support member has resilient, C-shaped clamps on one end of the support member. The clamps are designed to be removably clamped onto the applicator so that the syringe barrels will be held together in a parallel manner. The elongated support member further comprises finger grips. A plunger connects the two syringe plungers so that they can also be simultaneously activated.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 60/388,822, filed Jun. 14, 2002, and entitled “Multiple RatioFluid Dispenser.”

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention is in the field of systems utilized to measure out and mixtwo or more fluids, including freely flowing fluids and viscous fluids,by delivering them simultaneously to a single location. Moreparticularly, the invention's field concerns systems for simultaneouslydispensing two nonhomogeneous materials from two syringes.

2. Description of the Prior Art

There are many types of procedures that require the mixing of two ormore substances before the mixed compound can be used. For example, inthe field of dentistry a common practice in the dental arts is tomeasure separate substances, drop-wise, into a well or mixing dish andto then mix the separate substances together using an applicator brush,which in turn is then used to apply the mixed compound to teethsurfaces. More recently, more advanced mixing and delivery applicatorsyringes have been devised that permit mixing to occur within the samesyringe used for delivery. As will be appreciated, in dentistry, it isoften necessary to mix relatively small amounts because of the smallsurface areas that are to be worked upon. Furthermore, the materialswhich are mixed are often expensive, and rather than mix largequantities, relatively small quantities are mixed repeatedly so as tonot waste undue amounts of the materials in question.

There are circumstances in which it is desirable to dispense liquid orsemi-liquid materials in a predetermined ratio. The materials mayinclude reactive, two component adhesives, sealants, coating, or pottingcompounds, in which one material may comprise a resin compound and theother material a catalyst.

Clotting of blood in vivo takes place by conversion of the solubleplasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin, which spontaneously polymerizesinto an insoluble gel matrix which may attach to adjacent tissue. Thegel matrix stops bleeding and stabilizes structures. Thrombin catalyzedconversion of fibrinogen to fibrin can be reproduced in vitro and hasgreat utility for adhering tissues and achieving hemostasis. Such fibrinsealants and fibrin glues are available commercially and are also madein blood processing laboratories. Preparation and use offibrinogen-based sealants have been extensively reviewed.

Fibrin sealants, fibrin glues and adhesives based on combiningfibrinogen-containing solutions with thrombin-containing solutions areused to reduce bleeding and restore hemostasis during surgicalprocedures. They have been known and in use for many years during whichtechnology has evolved significantly. For example, fibrin clots can bemade using different concentrations of fibrinogen in conjunction withthe thrombin solution. Subsequent developments in technology includecryoprecipitate fibrinogen. Concentrated plasma can be used as thefibrinogen component in fibrin sealants.

Similarly, various types of applicators for fibrin glue are known. Anoptimal design is not obvious because of the chemical and biologicalproperties of the liquid resulting from combining fibrinogen andthrombin solutions. Because of the rapid polymerization upon intimateinteraction of fibrinogen and thrombin, it is important to keep separatethese two blood proteins until application to the site of use. Inpractice, the two components are typically dispensed simultaneously fromseparate syringes and brought together by means of an applicatormanifold.

With the known assemblies, a generally trough- or sleeve-shapedretaining means including appropriate troughs or sleeves for receivingthe syringe bodies is provided to connect the syringe bodies, whichretaining means, in addition, is provided with finger grips laterallyprojecting in opposite directions. The syringe bodies are inserted inthese retaining means, wherein for instance, elastically yieldingsnap-in projections hold fast the syringe bodies. To actuate the pistonsof the syringe bodies, the piston rods that are firmly connected withthe pistons, furthermore, are connected with a common grip element, and,for stabilizing and improving the guidance of the piston rods whenactuating the syringe device, it has also been proposed to connect aguide rod with the common grip element; such guide rod extends through aguide bore within the retaining means.

By such a design, a substantial progress in terms of simple mounting andgreater safety in manipulation has been achieved as compared to earlierdesigns, such as according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,223,083 or 2,112,160,since, on the one hand, the syringe bodies may, for instance, be snappedin the retaining means and, on the other hand, the piston rods areinterconnected for jointly operating the pistons and, moreover, areguided by the guide rod when moved such that a uniform actuation of thepistons of all of the syringe bodies will be ensured. By contrast, withthe arrangement according to U.S. Pat. No. 2,112,160, the syringebodies, which directly contact each other longitudinally, are connectedin a complex manner by a cement mass as well as by wire loops and rubberbands. With the arrangement according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,223,083, thesyringe bodies are connected with one another by a clamp enclosing themon a central point, wherein the syringe bodies do not assume a stableposition relative to one another. Moreover, the two piston rods must bepushed forward by the user simultaneously and as uniformly as possible,which requires great skill.

In U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,259, there is disclosed a double syringe deliverysystem for holding a pair of syringes in a manner so as to accommodatethe simultaneous activation of the plunger of each syringe in order toeffect simultaneous delivery of the contents of each syringe, eachsyringe containing different contents. The double syringe deliverysystem includes an elongated support member that is placed between thebarrel of each syringe. The elongated support member has resilient,C-shaped clamps on opposite sides of the support member. The clamps areused for holding the syringe barrels of both syringes so that thesyringe barrels will be held together in a parallel manner. Further,elongated support member and clamps hold the syringe barrels in afashion that is slightly longitudinally offset from one another topermit the two syringe barrels to be held together as closely aspossible. An interconnecting bridge member connects the two syringeplungers so that they can also be simultaneously activated even thoughthey are also slightly longitudinally offset from one another.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a double syringe delivery system thatseeks to overcome many of the problems and disadvantages experienced inthe prior state of the art. The double syringe delivery system of thepresent invention is useful in any art in which two nonhomogeneouscomponents must be kept separate and are delivered separately butsimultaneously, wherein the individual components are combined at thedelivery site. Non-limiting examples of such fields include theproduction of fibrin glue (e.g., by simultaneously deliveringfibrinogen-containing solutions with thrombin-containing solutions fromseparate syringes), and the field of dentistry.

More specifically, the present invention provides a dual syringedelivery system designed so that it can be gripped comfortably and whichpermits simultaneous application of the two nonhomogeneous materialscontained in two separated syringes. The apparatus comprises a pair ofsyringe bodies which are held in parallel relationship with respect toone another by a holding mechanism and a plunger clip. The delivery endsof the individual syringe bodies are connected to a delivery mechanism.The plunger clip allows for even, simultaneous and accurate delivery ofthe separate components contained in each syringe body.

A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a double syringedelivery system capable of utilizing two standard syringes of differentlengths, wherein the syringe plungers are locked together with a plungerclip designed to accommodate the offset relationship of the plungers sothat the syringe plungers can be simultaneously activated to expel allof the contents of the fluids contained in both syringes.

Briefly described, in one embodiment of the double syringe deliverysystem of the present invention, the delivery system comprises a holdingmechanism having an elongated support member that is interposed betweenthe syringe barrels of two standard syringes. The elongated supportmember has two resilient C-shaped clamps which are spaced from on oneend of the support member. The C-shaped clamps can be snapped onto adelivery tip that is connected to the syringe barrels of each of thesyringes. In this fashion, the two syringes will be held together in aparallel manner. Also attached to the support member are two fingergrips to aid in the delivery of the syringe contents. The double syringedelivery system also comprises a plunger clip that attaches to the endof the syringe plungers so as to join the syringe plungers together topermit simultaneous actuation of the syringe plungers. Since the holdingmechanism attaches to the delivery tip rather than the syringes, thedual syringe delivery system of this invention is independent of syringesize or length. Accordingly, any combination of syringe sizes can beattached to the delivery tip without requiring design changes to theholding mechanism.

The delivery system of this invention further comprises a syringeplunger clip. The clip attaches the two plungers together for even andaccurate delivery of the two components. A key feature to this design isthe offset of the two slots to compensate for the difference in lengthof the two syringes. The offset is set to ensure each syringe is emptiedat the same time without residual fluid remaining in either syringe.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a delivery systemfor applying a tissue adhesive. More particularly, the tissue adhesiveis comprised of a first solution containing fibrinogen and a secondsolution containing thrombin. The delivery system is used to keep thesetwo solutions separate until they are applied together at a treatmentsite to seal a wound, stop bleeding or the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a partof the specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the presentinvention, and together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention.

In the Drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a delivery system of this invention assembledwith two syringes.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a delivery system of this inventionshowing the individual components.

FIG. 3 is side plan view of one embodiment of a plunger clip of thisinvention.

FIG. 4 is a side plan view of the plunger clip of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a side plan view of an alternative plunger clip of thisinvention.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a plunger clip and aninsert for one of the clip grooves.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a plunger clip and analternative insert for one of the clip grooves.

FIG. 8 a perspective view of an offset plunger clip of this invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an offset plunger clip of thisinvention, showing a ratchet system.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an adjustable offset plunger clip ofthis invention shown in FIG. 9 cut away along lines 10 of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a delivery systemof this invention for the delivery of an autologous fibrin sealant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one embodiment of a double syringe deliverysystem in accordance with present invention, as generally indicated atreference numeral 5. The double syringe delivery system is used forholding a pair of standard syringes in a manner so as to accommodatesimultaneous activation of the plunger of each syringe in order toeffect simultaneous delivery of the contents of each syringe barrel.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus of the present inventioncomprises a pair of syringes (10, 20). Each syringe (10, 20) has asyringe barrel (11, 21) from which fluid is to be dispensed. Thesyringes (10, 20) can either be the same size or can be different sizesand/or lengths. Associated with each syringe barrel is a syringe plunger(15, 25) which is inserted into the end of the syringe barrel (11, 21)in standard fashion so that as the syringe plunger (15, 25) is pushedinto the barrel (11, 21), the fluid contents of the barrel (11, 21) aredispensed. The overall length of plunger 15 can be the same as, ordifferent than, the overall length of plunger 25. Each of the plungershas an elongated shaft (16, 26) and a push flange (18, 28) at theproximal end of the plunger shaft. The push flanges (18, 28) are heldtogether by plunger clip 40 so that the two plungers can be actuatedsimultaneously. Plunger clip 40 is designed to accommodate any sizesyringe plunger, and ensures that the distal ends of the plungers arealigned with each other, as will be hereinafter more fully described.Each syringe barrel (11, 21) has a standard luer connector or conus (12,22) at the delivery end of the barrel (11, 21). In the illustratedembodiment, the luer connectors (12, 22) are standard threaded femaleluer connectors.

Delivery apparatus 5 further comprises delivery tip 70 comprising a pairof connectors (71, 72) such as corresponding male luer connectors forthe barrel connectors (12, 22). Connectors 71,72 are used to attachapplication tip 70 to the coni or luer connectors 12, 22 of the syringebarrels. Attached to each connector 71, 72 of the delivery tip is aseparate cannula 73, 74, respectively, through which the fluid contentof the corresponding syringe 10, 20 is expelled. The distal ends of thecannulas (73, 74) are aligned with each other so that there will besimultaneous delivery of the separated fluids from both syringes to theapplication site. Delivery tip connectors 71, 72 have a central lumentherethrough which is in communication with each interchamber of thesyringe body and with the cannula (73, 74) associated with eachconnector.

In one embodiment, cannulas 73, 74 comprise needles of substantiallyequal length. Each of these needles 73, 74 is bent towards each other tothat as the needles approach their distal ends, they run parallel toeach other and touch. The parallel portions of needles 73, 74 can bejoined together with a sleeve, adhesive, or other methods known in theart. In another embodiment, cannula 73, 74 comprise flexible tubingwhich are cut off at equivalent lengths and attached at their distalends, usually with solvent adhesive. In yet another embodiment, deliverytip 70 comprises a hollowed double fluid path attached to a singlecannula fitting 75 such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,375,which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.

Alternatively, the barrel connectors or coni (12, 22) can be attached toa spraying head device. Spraying heads for delivering fluids fromsyringes are well known in the art.

Another important feature of the present invention is the removableholding mechanism 30, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Holding mechanism 30includes integrally formed lateral finger grips 32, 33 which projectoutwardly from the proximal end of an elongated support member 31 ofholding mechanism 30. The finger grips (32, 33) provide a means by whichthe apparatus can be gripped comfortably by the user in any number ofangular orientations. In one embodiment, a bridge member 34 isintegrally formed between the finger grips (32, 33). When the deliveryapparatus is assembled, support member 31 is positioned between thesyringes (10, 20), and the finger grips (32, 33) project in a plane thatis perpendicular to the syringes (10, 20) to reduce the width andoverall profile of the dual syringe delivery system 5.

The holding mechanism 30 further comprises a collar means at the distalend of the support member 31. With reference to FIG. 2, the collar meansis comprised of two resilient C-shaped clamps (35, 36) that can beremovably snapped onto the connectors (71, 72) of delivery tip 70 forpurposes of securely holding the syringes (10, 20) in a substantiallyparallel manner, and so that the delivery ends of the syringes (10, 20)are aligned with each other. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, C-shapedclamps 35 and 36 are formed on either end of bridge 37, which isperpendicularly formed at the distal end of support member 31. The widthof each clamp (35, 36) is large enough so that each clamp can be snappedonto a connector (71, 72) of the delivery tip 70, but narrow enough toensure a secure fit. As will be further appreciated from FIGS. 1 and 2,the entire holding mechanism 30 is preferably constructed as a unitary,molded plastic piece which has sufficient resilience or memory so thatthe C-shaped clamps (35, 36) can be easily snapped onto and off of thedelivery tip 70, thus permitting interchangeability of the syringes (10,20) without disassembling the entire delivery apparatus.

In one embodiment, each C-shaped clamp (35, 36) includes a knob (38, 39)integrally formed approximately midway between the ends of the clamp andprojecting towards the delivery tip 70. The knobs (38, 39) serve tostabilize holding mechanism 30 during use of the delivery system 5 ofthis invention.

Since holding mechanism 30 of this invention is secured to theconnectors (71, 72) of the delivery tip 70 rather than to the syringebarrels 11, 21, the delivery system of this invention is independent ofsyringe size. Accordingly, any combination of syringe sizes can beutilized in the delivery apparatus 5 of this invention without requiringdesign changes to holding mechanism 30.

In one embodiment of this invention, holding mechanism 30 and deliverytip 70 integral, i.e., they are formed as a unitary, molded piece.

The delivery system 5 of this invention further comprises a syringeplunger clip 40. Plunger clip 40 is removably secured to the flange (18,28) of each syringe plunger (15, 25) and provides a surface againstwhich the finger(s) of a user can be pushed when exerting pressure onthe plungers (15, 25). Plunger clip 40 thus aids the simultaneousactuation of the plungers (15, 25) with equal stroke. Plunger clip 40has a unique configuration which permits it to be slipped onto and offof the push flanges (18, 28) by the user without having to disassemblethe entire delivery device. In addition, plunger clip 40 is able tocompensate for the difference in length when syringes 10, 20 aredifferent lengths as described hereinafter in detail. This featureensures that each syringe is emptied at the same time without residualfluid remaining in either syringe, regardless of the size of thesyringe.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, one embodiment of plunger clip 40comprises a solid top member 41, one or more side members 44 projectingdownwardly from at least one, but less than all, of the sides of topmember 41, and a base member 48 which projects from side member 44 andis substantially parallel to the top member 41, forming a gap 49therebetween. In one embodiment, members 41, 44 and 48 are all formed asa unitary, molded plastic piece. Base member 48 also includes grooves 52and 54 for receiving push flanges 18 and 28, respectively. In oneembodiment, grooves 52, 54 are proportioned so they are larger than thediameter of plunger shafts 16 and 26, but smaller than the diameter ofpush flanges 18 and 28. This configuration permits the push flanges tobe removably yet securely clipped within and retained by plunger grip 40so that the two plungers (15, 25) can be actuated simultaneously. Thedistance between grooves 52, 54 is wide enough to allow support member31 to be positioned between barrels 11, 21 when the device 5 isassembled. Plunger clip 40 is made of a resilient material such as aplastic having sufficient flexibility so that flanges 18, 28 can beinserted into grooves 52, 54, but has sufficient stiffness to ensurethat the flanges are securely retained between top member 41 and basemember 48.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, grooves 52, 54 of plunger clip40 have different lengths and/or widths and are sized to accommodate apair of syringes of specific yet different sizes. For example, in onenonlimiting embodiment, groove 52 is sized to securely retain theplunger of a 5 mL syringe, and groove 54 is sized to securely retain theplunger of a 10 mL syringe. In this embodiment, groove 54 is wider than,and optionally longer than, groove 52.

In an alternative embodiment of plunger clip 40, grooves 52, 54 aresubstantially the same width. By way of illustration only, in oneembodiment of plunger clip 40 the grooves 52, 54 are substantially thesame width and are wide enough to securely retain a plunger of a 20 mLsyringe. In this embodiment, if a smaller syringe (e.g., smaller than a20 mL syringe) having a plunger narrower than a 20 mL syringe isrequired, the narrower syringe plunger can be securely retained byplunger clip 40 by one of several means. One means of retaining thenarrower syringe plunger within plunger clip 40 utilizes a resilientinsert 80 as illustrated in FIG. 6, which can be made of a resilientrubber or plastic material. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6,flexible insert 80 has an overall width wider than the width of groove52 and overall length longer than groove 52. Insert 80 further comprisesgroove 82 having a width that is narrower than the width of groove 52.In use, the insert 80 is inserted into between top member 41 and basemember 48 prior to sliding the push flange of the narrower plunger intogroove 52 so that grooves 52 and 82 are substantially centered. In thismanner, insert 80 essentially narrows the width of the groove into whichthe flange of the narrower plunger is inserted, thereby creating a moresecure fit for the narrower plunger. The flange of the narrower plungeris then inserted into groove 82 between top member 41 and insert 80. Theinsert 80 has sufficient flexibility to allow a plunger that is slightlywider than groove 82 to be inserted into groove 82, but has sufficientstiffness to ensure that the inserted flange is securely retained.

An alternative method of retaining a narrower plunger into a widergroove 52 of plunger clip 40 having grooves of substantially the samewidth is illustrated in FIG. 7. In this embodiment, a ratcheted insert90 is provided to ensure a tighter fit of a narrower plunger into awider groove 52. With reference to FIG. 7, ratcheted insert 90 comprisesa curved wall 91 for pressing against the plunger. Insert 90 furthercomprises ratchet teeth 92 extending longitudinally from a second walladjacent to the curved wall 91 and having preselected transversespacings therebetween. In this embodiment, groove 52 of plunger clip 40further comprises ratchet teeth 93 extending longitudinally from theconcave side 94 of groove 52. Ratcheted insert 90 may be inserted intogroove 52 in such a manner that ratchet teeth 92 on insert 90 slidinglyengage ratchet teeth 93 on the concave side 94 of groove 52. Ratchetteeth 92, 93 may be formed such that each rib includes a vertical and aslanted side when viewed in cross section. Ratchet teeth 92, 93 areideally constructed such that they slidingly mesh when insert 90 isinserted into gap 52 between top member 41 and base member 48. Becauseof the relative orientations of the vertical and slanted sides ofratchet teeth 92 and 93, insert 90 may be irreversibly inserted into gap52. Ratchet teeth 92, 93 thus behave like the pawls of a ratchet,permitting movement in one direction past them, but prohibiting movementpast them in the opposite direction. In use, the flange of the narrowerplunger is first inserted into groove 92. Insert 90 is then insertedinto gap 49 from a side adjacent opening 95 of groove 52 until curvedwall 91 abuts the narrower plunger shaft. In this manner, the narrowerplunger is securely retained by the plunger clip 40.

An alternate embodiment of a delivery apparatus of this inventionutilizes plunger clip 140 as illustrated in FIG. 5. Plunger clip 140comprises a top member 141, a first side member 144 projectingdownwardly from top member 141, and a first base member 148 projectinginwardly from side member 144 and parallel to top member 141, forming agap 149 therebetween. Plunger clip further comprises second side member145 projecting downwardly from top member 141 from a side opposite thatof first side member 144, and a second base member 150 projectinginwardly from side member 145 and parallel to top member 141, forming agap 155 therebetween. Base members 148 and 150 also include grooves 152and 154, respectively, for receiving push flanges 18, 28. Grooves 152,154 of plunger clip 140 open from opposite sides of plunger clip 141. Anadvantage of this design is that the plunger clip 140 can be rotatedabout one of the plungers out of the way of the second plunger, makingit easier to replace the second syringe without disassembling the entiredelivery device. In one embodiment of plunger clip 140, grooves 152 and154 of plunger clip 140 have different lengths and/or widths, andplunger clip 140 is thus designed to accommodate a pair of syringes ofspecific yet different sizes. In an alternative embodiment of plungerclip 140, grooves 152, 154 are substantially the same width, and anarrower syringe plunger can be securely retained by plunger clip 140 byone of several means, such as by utilizing insert 80 (FIG. 6) orratcheted insert 90 (FIG. 7) as described above.

With reference to FIG. 1, in one method of using the double syringedelivery system of the present invention, two standard syringes 10, 20are first obtained and the delivery tips 70 is attached at the deliveryends of each syringe barrel 11, 21 in the manner described. Eachconnector 71, 72 of delivery tip 70 is snapped into the two resilient,C-shaped clamps 38 and 39 of holding mechanism 30 to secure the twosyringes 10, 20 in a parallel relationship. The plunger clip 40 issecured to the proximal ends of each syringe plunger 15, 25 by slidingthe flange 18, 28 of each syringe plunger 15, 25 into grooves 52, 54.Syringe plungers 15, 25 can be simultaneously activated by gripping thefinger grips 32, 33 with two fingers and pushing against the plungerclip 40, for example, with the palm or heal of the hand, in order tosimultaneously express, either drop-wise or faster, the fluid contentsof each syringe 10, 20 which are thereafter mixed at the site ofapplication. By commonly depressing the respective plungers of the twosyringes 10, 20, the contents of the separate syringes are expressed,dispensed or exhausted separately but simultaneously through theircorresponding separate cannulas 73, 74. As they are expressed, the twoseparate fluid components merge at the distal terminus of the deliverytip 70. Thus, when the equivalent amounts of pressure are provided, thedelivery tip 70 is able to deliver the same amount of fluid from eachsyringe 10 and 20.

In one embodiment, syringes of different lengths may be utilized in thedelivery apparatus of this invention. Since the delivery tip 70 alwaysensures that the delivery ends of the syringes are substantiallyaligned, an alternative plunger clip designed to ensure that thecontents of both syringes are emptied at the same time must be used.Accordingly, in this embodiment, the grooves of the plunger clip areoffset to accommodate syringes of differing lengths.

One non-limiting example of an offset plunger clip 240 is illustrated inFIG. 8. Plunger clip 240 is designed so that the grooves of the plungerclip are longitudinally offset by an amount that is substantially thesame as the difference in the lengths of the two syringes. Withcontinued reference to FIG. 8, plunger clip 240 comprises first topmember 241, first side member 246 projecting downward from one edge oftop member 241 and a second side member 244 projecting downward from anadjacent edge of top member 241. Plunger clip 240 further comprises asecond top member 243 extending outward from an edge of side member 246opposite from top member 241 and projecting in a direction opposite thatof top member 241. A third side member 245 projects downward fromanother side of second top member 243. Projecting inward from sidemembers 244 and 245 are base members 248 and 250, respectively, forminggaps 260, 261, respectively, therebetween. The distance 249 between thetop face of top member 241 and the top face of top member 243 issubstantially equal to the difference in length between two differentsize syringes barrels 11, 21. Base members 248 and 250 also includegrooves 252, 254, respectively.

In one embodiment of plunger clip 240 illustrated in FIG. 8, grooves 252and 254 of plunger clip 240 have different lengths and/or widths, andplunger clip 240 is thus designed to accommodate a pair of syringes ofspecific yet different sizes. In an alternative embodiment of plungerclip 240, grooves 252, 254 are substantially the same width, and anarrower syringe plunger can be securely retained by plunger clip 240 byone of several means, such as by utilizing insert 80 (FIG. 6) orratcheted insert 90 (FIG. 7) as described above. In yet anotherembodiment of plunger clip 240, the openings of grooves 252 and 254 intowhich the plungers are inserted open in opposite sides of the clip.

In one embodiment of plunger clip 240, the distance 249 between topmembers 241 and 243 is fixed. Alternatively, the distance 249 is madevariable by employing a ratchet system in a variable plunger clip asillustrated in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, a unidirectional ratchetsystem is provided by ratchet teeth 292 extending longitudinally fromside member 246 with a preselected transverse spacing therebetween, andtooth 293 extending longitudinally from an edge 270 of top member 243adjacent side member 246 (see FIG. 10). Ratchet teeth 292 and tooth 293may be formed such that each tooth includes a vertical and a slantedside when viewed in cross section. Ratchet teeth 292 and tooth 293 areideally constructed such that they slidingly engage when top member 243is pushed in the direction of top member 241. Because of the relativeorientations of the vertical and slanted sides of ratchet teeth 292 andtooth 293, top member 243 may be moved unidirectionally towards topmember 241, thereby adjusting (i.e., decreasing) distance 249therebetween. When in use, plunger flanges 18 and 28 having differentlengths are inserted into grooves 252 and 254, respectively. Base member243 is then pushed towards base member 241 until the distal ends ofplungers 15 and 25 are aligned with each other. Because of the relativeorientations of the vertical and slanted sides of ratchet teeth 292 andtooth 293, base member 243 cannot be pulled back away from base member241. The plungers 15, 25 are inserted into barrels 11, 21 and fluid istaken up into barrels 11, 21 by pulling on plunger clip 240, therebyactuating plungers 15, 25 simultaneously. To simultaneously express thefluids contained in barrels 11, 21, the user pushes against top member241 of plunger clip 240 in order to avoid changing the adjusted distance249.

One embodiment of the present invention is directed toward a deliverydevice for the production of autologous thrombin and autologous plateletgels. For example, one embodiment the present invention relates to atwo-phase method for forming an autologous bioadhesive sealantcomposition or fibrin glue, wherein all of the blood components for thebioadhesive sealant are derived from a patient to whom the bioadhesivesealant will be applied. This method is similar to that disclosed inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/063,338, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.6,444,228 and 10/116,729, published as U.S. Publication No.2002/0182664A1. each of which is assigned to the assignee of the presentinvention and is specifically incorporated herein by reference. Briefly,in one embodiment a platelet rich plasma is formed by centrifuging aquantity of anticoagulated whole blood that was previously drawn fromthe patient. The platelet rich plasma is then divided into two portions.To the first portion, which is used in phase-one, a compound thatreverses the effect of the anticoagulant is added, and a clot is allowedto form. The clot is then triturated to produce a serum containingautologous thrombin. The serum obtained from phase-one is then mixedwith the second portion of the platelet rich plasma in phase-two to forma bioadhesive sealant.

More specifically, and with reference to FIG. 11 the two-phase method offorming an autologous platelet gel begins by forming anticoagulatedwhole blood, which is achieved by collecting a patient's whole blood ina medium containing an anticoagulation agent, such as sodium citrate(citrate) or heparin. The anticoagulated whole blood is next centrifugedat a rate of approximately 20-50 r.c.f.'s (relative centrifugal force)for 10-40 minutes, and preferably in a refrigerated centrifuge at 25r.c.f.'s for 20 minutes, resulting in the formation of two liquidphases. The top phase is a platelet rich plasma, and the bottom phase isanticoagulated whole blood minus the platelet rich plasma. In oneembodiment, the platelet rich plasma is then gently drawn off, dividedinto two portions and stored in syringes 952 and 960. The platelet richplasma in syringe 952 is used in the first phase of the process toprepare the thrombin, while the second portion in syringe 960 isutilized in phase two. Syringes 952 and 960 may be either glass orplastic syringes. Preferably, syringe 960 is a plastic syringe.

Syringe 952 preferably contains a contact activator 953 such as, but notlimited to, glass wool, silica, aluminum, diatomaceous earth, kaolin,etc. When syringe 952 is a glass syringe, the inner surface 957 of thesyringe 952 acts as the contact activator. Chemical activators, such askaolin, can also be used to speed up the clotting time; however, theirsubsequent removal would also be necessary.

Phase one according to one embodiment begins by restoring theclot-forming process. To accomplish this, an agent (restoration agent)capable of reversing the effects of the anticoagulation agent is addedback into the first portion of the platelet rich plasma in syringe 952.If sodium citrate was used as the anticoagulant, the reversal of theanticoagulant is preferably accomplished using calcium chloride.However, any substance that is known or found to be functionallyequivalent to calcium chloride, such as, calcium gluconate, in restoringthe coagulation activity of citrated blood may be used in the practiceof the present invention. Alternatively, if heparin was used as theanticoagulant, then heparinase or any other suitable anticoagulantreversing compound would be used to reverse the effect of theanticoagulation agent. The concentration of the restoration agent usedto reverse the anticoagulation will depend in part, upon theconcentration of the anticoagulation agent in the platelet rich plasmaand the stoichiometry of the chelating and coagulation reactions.However, the concentration of the restoration agent used to reverse theanticoagulation must be sufficient to achieve clot formation.

Upon restoration of the platelet rich plasma, a clot will naturallyform. The resulting clot is then triturated. In one embodiment, the clotis triturated by squeezing the clot through material 953, which in oneembodiment is glass wool and thus serves not only as a contact activatorbut also as a filter, thus expressing thrombin. Alternatively, or inaddition, a filter 958 having a large micron pore size is positioneddownstream of outlet 956 of syringe 952, thereby allowing the removal ofclot debris and any activator or solids that are present. The thrombinproduced in syringe 952 and the second portion of platelet rich plasma(PRP) contained within syringe 960 are then expelled through theirrespective cannulas 73 and 74, whereupon they combine at the site ofapplication to form the platelet gel composition.

The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of theprinciples of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications andchanges will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is notdesired to limit the invention to the exact construction and processshown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications andequivalents may be resorted to falling within the scope of the inventionas defined by the claims that follow.

The words “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” and“includes” when used in this specification and in the following claimsare intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers,components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or additionof one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groupsthereof.

1. A delivery system for applying to a treatment site a compositionprepared by combining a pair of nonhomogeneous materials which must bekept separate from each other until they reach the treatment site, saiddelivery system comprising: (a) a first syringe body for storing a firstmaterial and a second syringe body for separately storing a secondmaterial, each of said syringe bodies having a luer connector at oneend; (b) first and second plungers each having a push flange and aplunger shaft and associated with said first and second syringe bodies,respectively, for expelling from each of said syringe bodies itsassociated material; (c) an applicator tip comprising first and secondluer fittings connected at one end to said first and second luerconnectors, respectively, said applicator tip connected at the other endto a delivery means; (f) a removable holding mechanism for retainingsaid syringe bodies in parallel alignment without contacting said firstand second syringe bodies, said holding mechanism comprising anelongated support member positioned between said first and secondsyringe bodies and having a pair of C-shaped clamps extending laterallyfrom one end of said elongated support member for attachment to saidapplicator tip luer fittings; (g) a pair of finger grips extendinglaterally from said support member and perpendicular to said C-shapedclamps; and (h) a removable plunger clip having first and secondparallel channeled grooves for securing said plunger push flanges withinsaid first and second grooves and actuating said plungerssimultaneously, wherein when said first and second syringe bodies are ofdifferent lengths, said first and second grooves are longitudinallyoffset by an amount that is substantially the same as the difference inthe lengths of said first and second syringe bodies.
 2. The deliverysystem of claim 1, wherein said applicator tip is integral with saidholding mechanism.
 3. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein saidplunger clip further comprises a top member, a side member, and a basemember projecting from said side member and parallel to said top member,wherein said grooves are formed in said base member and the open ends ofsaid grooves are opposite said side member.
 4. The delivery system ofclaim 3, wherein said first and second grooves are of substantiallyequal width.
 5. The delivery system of claim 3, wherein said firstgroove has a first width to accommodate a syringe having a first widthand said second groove has a second width to accommodate a syringehaving a second width.
 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein saidplunger clip further comprises a top member, first and second sidemembers projecting downward from opposite sides of said top member,first and second base members parallel to said top member and projectinginwardly from said first and second side members, respectively, whereinsaid first and second grooves are formed in said first and second basemembers and their respective openings are on opposing ends of saidplunger clip.
 7. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein said first andsecond grooves are sized to be larger than the diameter of said firstand second plunger shafts, respectively, and smaller than the diameterof said first and second push flanges, respectively.
 8. The deliverysystem of claim 6, further comprising a resilient insert having a thirdgroove that is narrower than said first groove for inserting betweensaid top member and said bottom member such that said first groove iscentered with said third groove, thereby narrowing the width of saidfirst groove prior to securing said first push flange in said firstgroove.
 9. The delivery system of claim 6, further comprising aratcheted insert for narrowing the width of said first groove, saidinsert having a curved first wall for pressing against said firstplunger flange and a first set of ratchet teeth extending longitudinallyfrom a second wall adjacent said first wall, said first groove furthercomprising a second set of ratchet teeth extending from the concave sideof said first groove, wherein said ratcheted insert is inserted intosaid first groove perpendicular to said first groove opening such thatsaid first and second set of ratchet teeth slidingly mesh after saidfirst plunger flange has been inserted into said first groove.
 10. Adelivery system for applying to a treatment site a composition preparedby combining a pair of nonhomogeneous materials which must be keptseparate from each other until they reach the treatment site, saiddelivery system comprising: (a) a first syringe body for storing a firstmaterial and a second syringe body for separately storing a secondmaterial, each of said syringe bodies having a luer connector at oneend; (b) first and second plungers each having a push flange and aplunger shaft and associated with said first and second syringe bodies,respectively, for expelling from each of said syringe bodies itsassociated material; (c) an applicator tip comprising first and secondluer fittings connected at one end to said first and second luerconnectors, respectively, said applicator tip connected at the other endto a delivery means; (f) a removable holding mechanism for retainingsaid syringe bodies in parallel alignment without contacting said firstand second syringe bodies, said holding mechanism comprising anelongated support member positioned between said first and secondsyringe bodies and having a pair of C-shaped clamps extending laterallyfrom one end of said elongated support member for attachment to saidapplicator tip luer fittings; (g) a pair of finger grips extendinglaterally from said support member and perpendicular to said C-shapedclamps; and (h) a removable plunger clip having first and secondparallel channeled grooves for securing said first and second plungerpush flanges within said first and second grooves, respectively, and foractuating said plungers simultaneously, wherein when said first andsecond syringe bodies are of different widths, the widths of said firstand second grooves are adapted to accommodate the widths of said firstand second syringe flanges, respectively.
 11. The delivery system ofclaim 10, wherein said applicator tip is integral with said holdingmechanism.
 12. The delivery system of claim 10, wherein said plungerclip further comprises a top member, a side member, and a base memberprojecting from said side member and parallel to said top member,wherein said grooves are formed in said base member and the open ends ofsaid grooves are opposite said side member.
 13. The delivery system ofclaim 10, wherein said plunger clip further comprises a top member,first and second side members projecting downward from opposite sides ofsaid top member, first and second base members parallel to said topmember and projecting inwardly from said first and second side members,respectively, wherein said first and second grooves are formed in saidfirst and second base members and their respective openings are onopposing ends of said plunger clip.
 14. The delivery system of claim 10,wherein said first and second grooves are sized to be larger than thediameter of said first and second plunger shafts, respectively, andsmaller than the diameter of said first and second push flanges,respectively.
 15. A removable plunger clip having first and secondparallel channeled grooves for securing first and second syringe plungerpush flanges within said first and second grooves and actuating saidplungers simultaneously, wherein when said first and second syringeflanges are of different widths, the widths of said first and secondgrooves are adapted to accommodate the widths of said first and secondsyringe flanges, respectively.